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Ocean Crescent at pier 9c

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American flag ships are rare to see in Halifax, but this one (and similar sisters) are more likely to call. That is because they are non-Jones Act ships. To qualify under the Jones Act ships must be built in the US, owned in the US and carry US crew (among other things.) A ship may be registered in the USA, but if it does not qualify under the Jones Act, it is prevented from trading between US ports.

Ocean Crescent unloading steel fabrications at pier 9c.

Ocean Crescent was built by the Barreras shipyard in Vigo, Spain and completed by the Viano do Castelo shipyard for German owners Jungerhans Maritime Services. Named Pollux J. it only flew the German flag for a short time during 2002 when it was transferred to the Antiguan flag for Heavylift Crescent LLC and renamed Industrial Crescent.

In 2010 through Intermarine it transferred to the US flag with commercial management by Pacific Gulf Marine and Crowley Technical Management responsible for the day to day operations.

Because it was built in Spain, it does not qualify under the Jones Act, and can't trade between US ports, but it does receive preferential consideration over foreign flag ships for US government cargoes.
The ship is enrolled in the US Maritime Security Program, which provides access to a fleet of merchant ships at the ready for strategic purposes. It also has a US crew.

The ship's prominent cranes are capable of lifting 200 tonnes each and can combine for a 400 tonne lift.


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Harbour Roundup

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With a number of interesting ships and first time callers in Halifax over the past few days, it has been frustrating that weather conditions (particularly on land) have been so desperate as to preclude driving. From heavy snow through rain and back to snow, then temperatures yo-yoing from sub freezing to a balmy +4 then back to the deep freeze tonight, your intrepid blogger took life in his hands today to make a quick tour of the waterfront.

Harbour business has been proceeding undiminished, but slowed sometimes by weather. A swell is still running in the harbour, but the pilot boat can still work safely.

 Chebucto Pilot rides a small swell in the harbour.

Snow and ice removal on the shore-side proceeds at full tilt so that ships may be unloaded or loaded.

Autoport must have been a major mess of snow and ice, and Wilhelmsen's Aniara was delayed in moving over to the Halifax side to work some project cargo. It was finally able to sail this afternoon for New York.

There were no picnic bench users to see the departure of Aniara for New York.

Aniara was built in 2008 by Daewoo Shipbuilding and Heavy Engineering in Okpo, South Korea, and counts among the larger ship in the Wallenius Lines fleet at 71,672 grt and a capacity of 7,600 cars.


At the adjacent pier 27 Onego Trader was unloading another load of rails for CN. The 6301 grt, 8930 dwt ship has a pair of 40 tonne cranes to work cargo from its two holds.The holds are box shaped, the ship is double skinned and its pontoon type hatches are the full width of the holds.
It was built by Bowdewes Volharding in Foxhol, Netherlands  as Devi Laksmi in 2001. It became Harns in 2008 for current owner SO Harns CV. It took its present name in 2010 when it began its charter to Onego, and still flies the Dutch flag..

A dump truck adds to the salinity of Halifax harbour as Onego Trader takes a lunch break from unloading at pier 27.

It is not the first Onego Trader to call in Halifax. A previous ships of the same name was built in 2003 by the same shipbuilders, but in Hoogezand (on a hull built in Russia). It unloaded rails here in 2005 and 2007.

 The first Onego Trader was a smaller ship of 5057 grt, 7250 dwt.

On its last visit here February 1, 2008 it was in port only long enough to disembark an appendicitis case, and returned to sea. It was renamed Velserdiep in 2010, a name it had previously carried from 2003 to 2004.

At the farthest end of the harbour a very different ship was loading gypsum. CSL Thames is operated by CSL Norway AS of Bergen, and is not usually seen on this side of the pond. In 2011 CSL formed CSL Europe and acquired the eleven ship strong self-unloader business of Kristian Jebsens Rederi A/S. Jebsens were European pioneers in using belted self-unloaders, and had a fleet of smaller ships that could access smaller ports. Although they were seen from time to time in Canada their business was usually in North Europe and the Mediterranean.
 
CSL Thames was built for Jebsens as Vestnes (their ships' names always ended in "nes") in 2010 by Yantai Raffles in Yantai, China. It measures 19,538 grt, 29,827 dwt  and is among the largest of the Jebsen ships. It was renamed in 2011.

Like most Jebsens ships, CSL Thames has its self-unloading gear mounted well forward in the narrowest part of the hull where it takes up less cargo space.

One Jebsens ship that did call in Halifax was Trones, built in 1986 by Kleven, Ulsteinvik, a self-unloader of 7556 grt and 11,389 dwt. 

Trones joined the CSL Europe fleet in 2011 and now sails as CSL Shannon.
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Earlier in the day (while it was dark) another CSL pool ship stopped in Halifax for bunkers. Honourable Henry Jackman seldom calls in Halifax, due to its size, but it is a regular visitor to the Strait of Canso. Built in 1981 by Mitsui Engineering and Shipbuilding in Chiba, Japan as the single hull tanker Berge Charlotte it was delivered as Lagoven Caripe, became 96: Caripe, 96: Patrolokos. Algoma Shipping bought the ship in 2007 and rebuilt it as a self-unloading bulker of 46,191 grt, 75,598 dwt. Chengxi Shipyard in China built and installed a new forebody which also contained the self-unloading apparatus, which is mounted aft (unlike the Jebsens types).

Not being able to take a photo, I will instead refer to CSL Pool's spec sheet:
http://cslships.com/files/csl/csl_henryjackman.pdf

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Ingrid Gorthon to the breakers

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 The once familiar Ingrid Gorthon has sailed for the breakers in Alang, India. Renamed Forest Costa Rica in 2012, it sailed from Durban, South Africa February 5, giving an ETA of February 22 at Alang.

 

Sailing from Halifax in 2006. Ingrid Gorthon, was a sideloading paper carrier, after conversion from a bulk carrier in 1990.
 
The Gorthons Rederi ships were always favourites of mine and they were in Halifax for bunkers and repairs countless times over the years. They were also frequent callers in such ports as Corner Brook, Baie Comeau, Liverpool, Trois-Rivières and many others.

I have written extensively about Gorthon ships in the past see:

http://shipfax.blogspot.ca/2012/01/rederi-ab-transatlantic-end-of-another.html

http://shipfax.blogspot.ca/2012/02/ingrid-gorthon-update.html

As forest product carriers the ships were the victims of the loss of demand for newsprint and other papers. The resultant closure of paper mills all over eastern Canada lead to the shakeup of the successors to Gorthons Rederi, Rederi AB Transatlantic, and the sale of many of its ships to a Cypriot company.

Loading paper using the side doors and a system of conveyors and elevators.  

Ingrid Gorthon was sold to Blow Sand Shipping Ltd of Cyprus, under the management of Lemissoler Ship Management Ltd in 2006 and chartered back for five years. In 2011, at the end of that term, the ship's hull was painted red, losing its distinctive white colour. Early in 2012, the ship was renamed Forest Costa Rica, and I have seen photos of the ship in Panama in 2012, but little has been heard of it in intervening years. 

Not many ships built in 1977 are still sailing today, so it should not be surprising that it will soon be reduced to scrap metal.

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Bonn Express to the breakers

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It is the end of the road for another container ship. The rash of container ship scrappings, with the advent of new mega ships, continues apace as owners shed uneconomical tonnage- generally in the under 5,000 TEU range.
HAPAG-Lloyd is no exception to this trend, and they have sent Bonn Express to Aliaga to be cut up.

Bonn Express was a handsome ship, as it strides into Halifax in 1995.


Built in 1989 by Howaldtswerke-Deustsche Werft AG in Kiel, the ship was a 29,919 grt, 36,000 dwt ship with a capacity of 2291 TEU. Then in 1992 it was lengthened nearly 30 meters, adding two complete 40 foot container bays, and upping its tonnages to 35,919 grt, 46,002 dwt and its capacity to 2803 TEU (including 238 reefers)
This size was certainly adequate for H-L's transatlantic service in the 1990s, and the ship first appeared in Halifax in 1995.
However with 20,000 TEU ships on the horizon, a 26 year old container ship has become a liability, and this one will soon be no more. Always owned directly by HAPAG-Lloyd, the ship was reflagged to Bermuda in 2012 and management was contracted out to Anglo Eastern, but that was a stop gap and could not save the ship from its fate.


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Atlantic Companion en route

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The Atlantic Companion is now due in Halifax Sunday, February 8, after having retreated to Liverpool when  it suffered an engine breakdown January 20 south of Ireland. The ship left its anchorage in Bantry Bay January 25 reaching Liverpool the next day, and appears to have sailed January 30 for Halifax.


The ship is one of the stalwart G3 ships due to be replaced later this year after 31 years. Its maiden voyage arrival in Halifax was March 27, 1984. 

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Thorco Svendborg

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Thorco Svenborg made a chilly arrival this morning, shrouded in sea smoke once it entered the harbour. The rising sun was trying valiantly to overcome the combination of relatively warm harbour water and -14C air temperature - without much success.


The ship was built Honda Zosen in Saiki, Japan in 2008. It measures 10,021 grt, 13,802 dwt and carries a pair of 50 tonne cranes. The ship flies the Hong Kong/China flag and is owned by Thorco Shipping A/S of Denmark.  It will anchor in Bedford Basin for several days before coming alongside to work its cargo.

Thorco Shipping has an extensive web site - well worth a look: http://www.thorcoshipping.com/



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Earl Grey anniversary

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In this day and age a ship that lasts thirty years can claim a significant achievement. On February 8 CCGS Earl Grey will have reached its twenty-ninth birthday, leading into an eventful thirtieth year.

In January 1986, appropriately surrounded by ice, Earl Grey was fitting out at the Pictou Industries shipyard.

It was on February 8, 1986 at Pictou, NS that the ship was christened by Mrs Laura MacKay, mother of the then MP for Pictou, Elmer MacKay, and grandmother of future MP for the same riding, Pictou-Antigonish-Guysborough, Peter MacKay (current Minister of Justice and Attorney General). The ship was built by Pictou Industries Ltd, successors to Ferguson Industries Ltd, and the ceremony took place after the ship was in the water and well on its way to being completed.

By March, with the ice out of the harbour, the ship was nearly complete.

Instead of engines aft and a well deck forward with a derrick for handling buoys, the ship was built on supply boat lines, with engine nearly amidships, and a large crane mounted on its starboard quarter.

 In supply boat fashion, the ship has an aft facing control bridge,clear deck and low freeboard.

 Earl Grey and sister Samuel Risley were designated Type 1050 Medium Navaids Tenders-Light Icebreakers. It has 8,713 bhp from four Deutz diesels. [ Risley has 8,840 bhp from four Wartsilas.It was built by the Vito shipyard in Delta, BC, in 1985 and is based on the Great Lakes.]

 An attractive looking ship, despite the large crane, Earl Grey sails out of Halifax on one of its many trips. It is carrying a small landing craft athwartships on its stern.

Based seasonally in Charlottetown and home based in Halifax, Earl Grey travels widely in the region.

It is only when the ship is out of water that its icebreaking hull can be appreciated. It is seen here in the old Scotiadock at Halifax Shipyard.


Far from being ready for retirement the ship will enter a Vessel Life Extension refit in March to be completed by January 2016. Government documents indicate a maximum cost of $11,850,000. Work will include replacing its four Deutz main engine blocks with new Wartsila Deutz SBV9M682 blocks and numerous other upgrades to systems and accommodations throughout the ship.


Some additions have been made to the ship over the years, but it remains largely unchanged in appearance.

The ship has had a number of distinctions in its career. Among them assisting in fighting the fire on the container ship Kitano in Halifax harbour (see the fire monitors on the funnel top platform), assisting the Swiss Air recovery efforts and in raising the Irving Whale.

Next year, in time to celebrate its thirtieth birthday, the ship will be almost like new, and possibly able to make it to fifty.
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Ships Named Halifax - Halifax Express

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  A rename that does not quite match the spirit of the  original.

As you might expect HAPAG-Lloyd, one of Halifax's largest container customers, has named one of its ships Halifax Express. It was however not the first choice for the ship's name. The first choices are usually for the major ports or industrial and financial centres. Because they are major centres, those names are often recycled as newer ships come along, and when that happens an older ship loses its name and gets the name of a "lesser" port. Thus the Rotterdams, Singapores and Shanghais of the world have newer, bigger and better ships named after them.
Halifax rates fairly low on the list of world mega cities, so we must be content with a re-name. However H-L does have a fleet of about 200 ships (owned and chartered) so it is good to know that we are in the top 200. Incidentally those 200 ships have a capacity of 1 million TEUs. H-L actually owns 1.6mn containers, many of which are in transit at any one time.

The tug Point Halifax accompanies New York Express outbound after calling at Fairview Cove.

Halifax Express was built as New York Express in 2000. It came out of the Hyundai Heavy Industry yard in Ulsan, South Korea, and measures 54,437 grt, with a capacity of 4,890 TEU, including 370 reefers. When H-L ordered new large ships, one of its 13,167 TEUs was designated to get the New York name, and so the incumbent had to be renamed. The renaming took place in 2012, and Halifax Express was the chosen name.

Halifax Express arrived in Halifax for the first time with that name February 28, 2012.

H-L has never owned the ship. It has belonged to the Greek company Costamare Shipping of Athens since built and has been chartered to H-L.

With container ships of under 5,000 TEU becoming obsolete on most routes, we should not expect to have a Halifax Express with us too much longer. Currently it is the only container ship in the world carrying the Halifax name, so perhaps another line will step up to the plate if  this ship is renamed.

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Nova Scotia coasters - Part 1

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In the days of wooden ships, Nova Scotia had a justifiable reputation for building fine big schooners. Best known are the two master fishing schooners, but there were also scores of trading schooners, often three masted (called terns) that carried freight up and down the east coast to the US and Caribbean. Many fishing schooners did double duty in this trade too when not fishing or were permanently converted to freighters - the original Bluenose was an example.

During prohibition Nova Scotia also built countless small fast motor freighters, also of wood, but these were not very efficient in terms of cargo capacity or economy of operation once prohibition ended, and so Nova Scotia builders turned to larger cargo carriers.
These large wooden freighter measured about 150 ft in length, and 400 grt or so. They had engines roughly amidships and had holds fore and aft. They carried every kind of freight, lumber, coal and salt, and many were fitted out for winter work in the Caribbean to carry fruit. Speed was important in that trade, so their hull forms owned much to their schooner predecessors.

A typical ship of this type was Lady Cecil, built by Smith+Rhuland in Lunenburg in 1947-48. However she did not have a typical career. Intended for the salt fish trade from Quebec to the Caribbean and return with bulk salt, she was built for the Quebec owner Raoul Castonguay of Matane. Her engine, an 8 cylinder Fairbanks Morse, was delivered six months late and so she missed her first season of trading from the St.Lawrence River before freeze up. Instead she was fitted out for sealing, and her hull was sheathed in greenheart to help withstand the ice.

She was chartered to St.Lawrence Sea Products Co and sailed for the seal hunt from Halifax, March 9, 1949 with Capt. Stanley Barbour as sealing captain. There were 32 Newfoundland sealers and 10 crew from Quebec, with Capt. Castonguay as master. She was soon trapped in ice off the Magdalen Islands and had to be freed by the government icebreaker CGS Saurel, without any damage. I don't know how she made out in the hunt, but her owner was soon forced to declare bankruptcy. In the hearing it was revealed that the ship's original cost was $149,300. $87,000 of which was for construction the balance for accessories. (presumably mostly engine).

Lady Cecil was typical of the big wooden coastal freighters built in Nova Scotia.The greenheart sheathing on her hull is quite visible in this photo. 


The receivers, Boulet et Boulet operated the ship for a time and sold it to St.Charles Transportation  of Quebec. In the mid 1950s it was bought  by the legendary Capt. Borromée Verreault of Méchins, QC, founder of Verreault Navigation and the current large shipyard in Méchins as well as the now defunct dredging operation. Renamed Claudette V. she traveled widely. In October 1956 on a trip to Fort Chimo with av.gas in barrels, she lost power and her anchors and was taken in tow by USS Fort Mandan off Point Amour, Labrador. She handed the tow over to CGS Labrador for the last 30 miles into Corner Brook .  

In 1958 the ship made several trips from Montreal to Port Cartier, Sept-Iles and Newfoundland with creosoted timber.
In bad weather off Cape Ray in June 11, 1959 the captain was forced to jettison the deck cargo of creosoted timbers bound for St.Bride, NL and ordered the crew to abandon ship. The coaster Fauvette saved the crew and the trawler Zebroid took the ship in tow off St-Pierre.
The trawler's owners, Fisheries Products Ltd won a salvage award of $55,923 for the vessel and equipment ($42,500) and cargo ($13,432). The award was to be shared 50% by the company and 50% by the trawler crew. 

Subsequent lawsuits and appeals lasted until 1971. The court's eventual finding was that there was an inherent weakness in the ship's construction that was worsened by a grounding at the beginning of the voyage. (Dominion Law Reports 1971 17 (3d) p.56).
The ship survived all this, but was laid up and finally broken up in Méchins in 1975.


Velvet Lady  was launched by Smith + Rhuland October 6, 1946. Sponsor was Miss Reba Onigman of Reba Fisheries in Boston.  She was the US representative of W.Laurence Sweeney, the owner and proprietor of Sweeney's Fisheries of Yarmouth, NS and a major shipowner. (He later owned a dragger called Miss Reba O.)
Sweeney had his own shipyard in Yarmouth and had also built several big coasters there during World War II when ship were in short supply.
The ship measured 369 grt and was about 150 ft long. Lunenburg Foundry installed the 400 bhp Atlas engine.
 Velvet Lady's fine lines are apparent in this photo take in Montreal.

It entered the Caribbean trade and on March 1, 1949 it was towed into Yarmouth by the Fisheries Products Ltd freighter Zebrula after drifting for four days off Seal Island. It was carrying 490 tons of salt from Inagua on a return trip from Venezuela.
The ship was sold later to Gulf Maritime Shipping Ltd of Matane and after a grounding the Gulf of St.Lawrence was declared a total loss.

There were about thirty ships of this general type built in Nova Scotia from the late 1930s until about 1949. Some were built for the Hudson Bay Company, some for the military but most were for local shipping companies.  There was also one 'outlier' built at the vbvery end of the wooden shipbuilding era. More on that in part 2.

Ships named Halifax - MSC Halifax

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The Mediterranean Shipping Co (MSC), now the second largest container shipping company in the world has taken a perhaps unique route to growth. It has bought old ships from competitors and continued to run them (often with interesting results) for several years until they went for scrap. That is not to say that they haven't had new ships built for them, but the majority of their fleet has been  second hand or chartered. 

On March 11, 2000 they claimed the distinction of  having the first container ship named for the port to call here. Ignoring of course the two previous Melfi Halifax ships, because they were technically general cargo ships carrying containers.

MSC's choice was intended to flatter Halifax, and perhaps it was a good thing that Halifax was polite enough to acknowledge the compliment without looking too closely to at the ship. In typical MSC fashion, they had chartered a 26 year old ship, which had previously belonged to their arch competitor Maersk, and gave it a new name.

Brigit Maersk was a caller in Halifax in 1995.

Built in 1974 by Ishikawa Harima Heavy Industries in Aioi, Japan as Svendborg Maersk it was a 38,540 grt vessel with a TEU capacity of 2628. It had served on various Maersk services as 79: Seatrain Charleston, 80: Dragor Maersk, 85: Challenger 85: Dragor Maersk, 88: Brigit Maersk, 99: Brigit and had in fact been a caller in Halifax as Brigit Maersk. Owners Danos Shipping Co Ltd of Greece had not repainted the ship - it was still in Maersk blue, and had economized on painting the new name by using small lettering.They did however repaint the ship's hull, over time, in a slightly darker version of the Maersk colour.

 MSC Halifax had seen better days by 2000.
Point Halifax assists MSC Halifax to its berth for its first call in its new namesake port.

The MSC service to Halifax was short lived* and so was the ship. It was beached in Alang, India January 29, 2002 and promptly scrapped.

 MSC Halifax anchored in Halifax.

* MSC ran its service to Halifax  from January 22, 2000 to December 14, 2001. It then concentrated on Montreal as their Canadian port, and arranged with ACL for local area service here. They have since added Saint John, NB.
MSC Halifax made few actual calls to Halifax - it was reassigned to other routes after July 25, 2000.
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Nova Scotia Coasters -Part 2

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As mentioned in the last post W.L.Sweeney of Yarmouth was a major owner of these large coasters. In fact he may have been the individual owner of the most ships in Nova Scotia history-but that will have to be a story for another day.

Due to the shortage of steel for non-strategic purposes during World War II, there was a spike in the construction of wooden ships. Smith+Rhuland of Lunenburg was particularly busy and in 1942 they delivered Laurence K. Sweeney to Walter L.K. Sweeney. The 160 footer measured 379 grt and it was powered by a 540 bhp engine.

At some point, about 1945, the ship was acquired by the federal government, renamed Eskimo and put to work by the RCAF to supply northern emergency caches. The cargo consisted largely of fuel in drums, but there were also other emergency supplies. It was also reported in Iceland on one occasion. One trip in particular was noted when it departed Halifax August 21, 1946 on a 5,300 mi round trip to Baker Lake, NWT. The same week Beaver,  a similar ship, was lost in James Bay. It was a 1943 product of Smith+Rhuland.
Sailing in these uncharted arctic waters with wooden ships was certainly risky business, and it must be assumed that the ship were considered more or less expendable.


The Hudson Bay Company bought the ship for $65,000 in 1947 but only operated it for two years. (During that time their Nascopie was lost and the new Ruperstland was delivered. They also had several other wooden ships of similar type operating in the north.)


 Eskimo in Montreal with a deck load of lumber.

The Prince Edward Island Industrial Corp bought the ship in 1949 for $75,000 (a good return on investment for the Bay) to operate a service on the Northumberland Strait and to Newfoundland carrying cattle.That service was provided jointly with Blue Peter Steamships of Newfoundland, but Blue Peter provided a more suitable ship for 1952  and the ship was sold again. The new owner was Alphonse Beauchemin of Matane, QC, who paid $65,000. It sailed from Halifax April 1, 1952 for its new home port.

The tremendous growth on the North Shore of Quebec meant that Matane was a jumping off point, since it was at the end of the rail line. The small Quebec wooden coasters of 100 grt or so could not handle some of the large loads and steel hulled ship were not available in the immediate post war years. These big coasters filled a gap for a time.The ship worked on the St.Lawrence, Newfoundland and made other trips, including northern supply runs.
On March 11, 1958 it was apparently wrecked at Moosonee, ON. Due to the time of year of the incident, the ship must have wintered over in that James Bay port, but since no official report was filed, the circumstances surrounding the incident remain a blank. 


Another Smith+Rhuland product was built as the J.E.Kinney for the owner of the same name, also from Yarmouth, a former mayor of the town. It was launched Ocotber 7, 1941 and moved to the government wharf to be fitted with a 540 bhp Fairbanks Morse, then slipped for shaft and prop installation. The 388 grt ship measured 166' in length, 30.5' in breadth and 10' depth.
Before the end of the year however, it was taken over by the Canadian government's Army Service Corps and renamed General Schmidlin. It was sent to Newfoundland for target towing and supply work In 1946 it was transferred to the west coast and transferred to the Royal Canadian Navy in 1948. Renamed Cedarwood it was given the pennant number AKS 530 and operated as a naval auxiliary vessel with a civilian crew. It was tasked with arctic supply and survey work.

Cedarwood was flush decked, and had a schooner bow.There was crew accommodation below deck forward in a forecastle. Its hull was sheathed for working in ice.

On December 3, 1954 it was overwhelmed by heavy seas and 80 mph winds in the Hecate Straits but its crew of Lt.Cmdr J.E.Wolfenden, four officers, 30 men and five scientists survived. The ship was heavily damaged, but apparently repaired. It was paid off October 18, 1956.

In May 1958 for the centennial of British Columbia it was temporarily converted to resemble
Commodore, the first steamer to bring miners to British Columbia in the gold rush of 1858.   
In 1959 Crown Assets sold the ship for $8,700 to Coast Cargo Services of Vancouver. In 1965 it was transferred to Barbados flag by Berven Enterprises Ltd and McCartney Enterprises Ltd of Vancouver. It wound up in Halifax about 1969 in a fairly derelict condition and partially dismantled. It was eventually beached and abandoned somewhere in the Halifax vicinity, perhaps Prospect.

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Ships named Halifax - HMCS Halifax

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The most enduring ship to carry the name Halifax will almost certainly be the current HMCS Halifax, lead ship of the Royal Canadian Navy's Canadian Patrol Frigates. It is not the first naval ship to carry the name however.
The first pre-dates Canada's confederation, and was HMS Halifax, a schooner built in 1768. It commemorated Halifax, which was founded in 1749 by Edward Cornwallis, as a naval base and a town. Its strategic importance as Warden of the North was certainly worthy as the namesake of a naval vessel. [Incidentally Halifax was named for George Montagu-Dunk, 2nd Earl of Halifax, president of the British Board  of Trade at the time of the founding. We are forever grateful that the city was named for the peer's Werst Yorkshire territory, not his family name.]

See an excellent history of the first HMS Halifax
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS_Halifax_%281768%29
and a great video of the Maritime Museum of the Atlantic's model:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wpSDgGOTtgg

Four subsequent RN ships carried the name Halifax, between 1775 and 1814. Among them the forner USS Ranger , an 18 gun sloop captured in 1780 and sold in 1781 and another 18 gun sloop built in Halifax in 1806 and broken up in 1814. The rest were purchased schooners that only operated a year or two.


During World War II the Royal Canadian Navy was built up from an insignificant blip on the world  naval stage to a major armada, most of which was built in Canada since the other allies were busy building up their own navies.
The problem of naming these ships, so as not to cause confusion with ships of other nations was generally resolved by selecting Canadian cities as namesakes. Some slight variations were needed, such as Norsyd (for North Sydney) and Thorlock (for Thorold  and the Welland Canal's flight  locks) but generally the city's name was used, and as a byproduct created good will in those communities, even if far removed from the sea.

The most prolific ship in the Canadian Navy was the corvette, and after exhausting Flower names, as the RN had used, the ranks of Canadian towns and cities were added to the list. That the name of Halifax should be used alongside some very small and militarily unimportant towns may have been deliberate. A lot of time was taken to try to conceal Halifax's naval importance, often not naming it in news reports. Instead the reference was usually "an eastern Canadian port" - a title it shared with Sydney, NS and even Saint John, NB and Shelburne, NS which had important naval and convoy roles.

Therefore the first HMCS Halifax was a lowly corvette, built by Collingwood Shipyards in 1941 and paid off in 1945.It was a member of the Revised Flower class and was the first ship delivered with the extended forecastle, which improved seakeeping and increased accommodation space. Halifax worked as a convoy escort in the Caribbean and the Atlantic.Her pennant number was K327 and there are several images of her online.

Although she paid off in Sorel, July 12, 1945, her fate was not the scrappers torch. Instead she was laid up in Sydney, NS. There is a report that she was the first ship sold by War Assets Corp following the end of hostilities. It has also been reported that she was converted to a salvage vessel. This did not happen.
Instead she went to Thompson Bros Machinery Co Ltd in Liverpool, NS (owned by K.C.Irving) where she was hastily converted to a cargo vessel. Retaining her steam plant, she received cargo holds fore and aft and a crew deckhouse on her after deck.Relatively fast ships were needed in the Caribbean for short hauls of nearly ripe produce, where sophisticated refrigeration was not needed. Banana Shipping Service Ltd of Houston, TX placed the ship under the Honduran flag, but in 1950 sold it to Transportes Maritimos y Refrigerado SA of Villa Hermosa, Mexico. The ship flew the Mexican flag for the next five years and continued working in the Gulf of Mexico. The last reliable report of her was in 1955. After that the story gets murky, and her name was finally dropped from Lloyd's in 1963.  

There was then a long gap before the navy selected Halifax as a namesake again. That came in the  1980s as the RCN entered another building program. Halifax was chosen as the name of the new class of multi-purpose ships, to be called Canadian Patrol Frigates. Accordingly the lead ship was laid down  at Saint John Dry Dock and Shipbuilding March 19, 1987, launched April 30, 1988 and handed over to the RCN June 28, 1991.

The future HMCS Halifax conducted builder's trials in Halifax in October and November 1990, but returned to Saint John for handover.


On June 29, 1992 it was formally commissioned into the RCN as HMCS Halifax.By the autumn of 1993 it was prepared for duty and in April 1994 sailed to the Adriatic Sea for NATO. Since then it has conducted the usual sovereignty patrols and participated in NATO and other exercises.
It also relieved HMCS Preserver as command and control centre during Operation Persistence, the recovery of Swissair flight 111 in St.Margaret's Bay (1998) and Operaton Hestia- the relief operations following the Haiti earthquake in 2010, where it, among other duties, was the aviation control centre for flights in and out of the Jacmel area.

On September 4, 2010 it began its mid-life refit at Halifax Shipyard under the Frigate Life Extension program. It returned to HMC Dockyard June 16, 2012 and made its first sea trial November 21, 2013.

The post-FELEX Halifax went alongside at the Maritime Museum of the Atlantic this morning, but later moved back out into the harbour. While at anchor one of the new helicopters landed on its afterdeck.

Now what happens (he asked).

The Canadian Patrol Frigates were originally designed for a 30 year hull life and a 15 year equipment life. The latter has been dealt with, and the former seemed inevitably to lead to a year 2022 decommissioning for HMCS Halifax.

The Canadian government's National Ship Procurement Strategy had indicated that a Single Class Surface Combatant Project (SCSCP) would replace the Halifax class frigates and the Iroquois class destroyers  between 2018 and 2033. However the destroyers will be withdrawn from service well before the first of those ships sees the light of day. Upgrading the Halifax ships to destroyer status seems unlikely, since they are too small to start with, but there may be a stopgap temporary solution coming.

It seems that another upgrade may be on the horizon. Starting in 2017 or 2018, and extending beyond 2030, it will see at least some of the Halifax class, or possibly only the last six ships in the series (also known as the Montreal class) getting another life extension, consisting only of systems upgrades (such as new under water detection, unmanned aircraft, defensive missiles, etc.,) 
These improvements would extend the frigates lives from 2017 to perhaps 2030 or beyond..
This would seem to me that some of the first of the new SCSCPs will be built as destroyers, with replacement frigates nearer the end of the program.This is purely speculation on my part, but as I have said before the RCN without supply ships and without destroyers is really only half a navy.

In any event there will still be Halifax class frigates for some time to come and HMCS Halifax will be with us for at least another ten to fifteen years.

 

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Acadia takes bunkers

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A ship called Acadia arrived today to take bunkers. This is not Irving Oil's Acadia, although that ship is also a frequent caller, but a crude oil tanker built in 2008 and originally named Overseas Acadia.
It came out of the New Times Shipbuilding Co of Jingjiang, China and measures 62,775 grt, 1113,005 dwt. It flies the Marshall Islands flag.


As its first name implied it was operated by OSG, Overseas Shipholding Group, but in 2014 it was transferred to Groton Pacific Carriers Inc of Stamford, CT and became simply Acadia.
The publicly traded OSG entered Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection in 2012 and was reorganized in by August 2014, the same month in which the ship was renamed.

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SEDCO 709 in trouble

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 A semi-submersilbe drilling rig, built at Halifax Shipyard in the glory days of rig building was reported to be in trouble off China February 10. The rig SEDCO 709 was listing, with its deck nearly awash 3.9 mi off Shandong while under tow to the scrappers at Zhoushan.
The tug had to break off the tow, but the rig was anchored for de-watering. However it has no operational equipment of its own and the work will have to be carried out by a salvage team.

There may be more details in this link, but it in Chinese:
 
http://www.eworldship.com/html/2015/OperatingShip_0212/98733.html

The rig was built in 1977 by Hawker Siddeley Ltd., Halifax Shipyard Division and had the distinction of being the world's first dynamically positioned semi-submersible oil drilling rig (ODR). It could drill to a depth of 25,000 ft in 3,000 ft of water. It consisted of a 295 ft x 245 ft platform supported by 4 main columns of 30 ft diameter on two pontoons, and was 112 ft high. It completed trials in St.Margaret's Bay in March 1977. After exploratory drilling on the Scotian Shelf until about 1986, it moved on to work in many parts of the world.
In 1999 it received a major upgrade that allowed it to drill in 5,000 ft of water and had its accommodations increased from the original 91 to 124. After another refit in Capetown in 2006 it went back to work in Nigeria after working there and in Gabon and Angola.

Seen over the fantail of the tug Point Vigour, SEDCO 709 sits at anchor in Halifax Harbour shortly before departing for trials in St.Margaret's Bay.

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C.T.M.A. mulls fleet replacement

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Heavy ice north of Prince Edward Island has reduced ferry service from Souris, PE to Cap-aux-Meules, Magdalen Islands to three times a week. The ferry C.T.M.A Vacancier will now travel only in daylight and will stay over night in Souris rather than returning the same day. Also the heavy icebreaker CCGS Henry Larsen has been brought in to escort the ship on its 50 mile crossing. A minor stack fire on February 5 also disrupted the schedule, when the ship was reduced to using one engine for one round trip, and was out of service for repairs until February 10.   


The sandy archipelago in the middle of the Gulf of St.Lawrence is a part of the Province of Quebec, but is closest to Prince Edward Island by sea. Orginally a fishing outpost, it has since grown into a tourist destination, has an active salt mine and continues to be a centre for fishing. The Co-opérative de Transport Maritime et Aérien has provided transport services to the Magdalen Islands since May 28, 1944. Starting with a fleet of small wooden freighters, C.T.M.A. has built up over the years to the poijt of  providing three services are  provided for passengers and trucks, served by three ships.

All three ships are aging and C.T.M.A. is mulling over replacement possibilities. As it stands now the fleet consists of:

Madeleine
Operating between Souris, PE and Cap-aux-Meules, in season, Madeleine began life on the Irish Sea, sailing between Liverpool and Dublin as Leinster. Built in 1981 by Verolme Cork Dockyards Ltd in Cobh, the 9700 grt ferry has a capacity of 326 cars, 39 trailers and was fitted with 536 berths and was licensed for 963 deck passengers (later reduced to 958). The 20.5 kn ship and her sister Connacht (built in 1979) were operated by B+I Line. Although launched November 7, 1980 her builders financial woes delayed completion until July 3, 1981. Modifications in 1986 saw many passenger berths removed and replaced by lounges. There were still 15 deluxe berths on the boat deck, leaving a total of 242 berths. In 1988 she shifted to run from Holyhead to Dublin. In 1992 B+I was sold to the Irish Continental Group and the ship was moved to the Rosslare-Pembroke route and renamed Isle of Inishmore. In 1995 ownership passed to Irish Ferries.
The ship was slated to come to Canada in 1996, but government grants for terminal modifications fell through. Meanwhile the ship was renamed Isle of Inishturk on November 3, 1996 to free the name for a new ship.


Isle of Inishturk arrived in Halifax June 14, 1997 under a provisional Canadian registration. After a week at Halifax Shipyard for additional compliance work, the ship sailed for Souris, PE on June 21.


It had not yet been repainted or renamed. That did not occur until 1997 and it has sailed as Madeleine ever since. Built only to Ice Class 3, the ship lays up for the winter and is replaced on the Souris run by C.T.M.A Vacancier.
A refit in 2006 saw sponsons added to here stern for additional stability, and since the photo above red and blue stripes have been added to the paint scheme, similar to its fleet mates.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MS_Madeleine

C.T.M.A. Voyageur
This RoRo ship was built in 1972 by Brevik Trosvik Verkstad A/S for Stena Line, but was sold during construction and delivered as the UK flag Andereida for Carpass (Shipping) Co Ltd. It was chartered to British Rail and served on the Channel and Irish Sea until 1980. In 1981 it became Truck Trader under the Greek flag for Covenant Shipping Inc,  managed by Manta Line. I assume she worked in the Mediterranean.
In 1984 the ships became Sealink for Marlborough Sealink Inc initially under the Cyprus flag. It then went to New Zealand where it operated between Picton and Wellington on charter to South Pacific Navigation Co under the New Zealand flag.It was laid up in Wellington in October 1985 and in the fall of the next year was renamed Mirela and returned to Piraeus October 31. It sailed December 4 and arrived in Cap-aux-Meules December 21, 1986  where it was renamed C.T.M.A. Voyageur.


It went into service for C.T.M.A, in the spring of 1987, arriving in Montreal on its first trip May 9 replacing Madeleine on a weekly run with stops in Matane. In the winter of 1988-89 it began a shorter route, between Matane and the Magdalen Islands, but has filled in on the Souris - Cap-aux-Meules route.


When built its tonnage was listed as 1579 grt, as its car deck was considered to be a weather deck. Under Canadian registry this was altered to 4528.61 grt. It also has 16 berths and could carry 20 deck passengers. It was later permitted to carry 60 deck passengers. Its cargo capacity was 2 trucks, 20 cars, and 10 trailers. It also had a listed TEU capacity of 30. It was equipped with bow and stern doors and ramps and also had side doors.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MV_C.T.M.A._Voyageur

C.T.MA. Vacançier
Flagship of the C.T.M.A fleet  is the C.T.M.A. Vacançier dating from 1973 and the famed J.J.Sietas shipyard in Hamburg. As Aurella it operated in the Baltic Aland Islands until 1981.It was then acquired by Irish Ferries, renamed Saint Patrick II and worked as a summer supplement on the Ireland-France service. In winter it was chartered out to most of the Irish Sea operators over a period of years. In the winters 1992-1995 it operated for Tallink of Estonia, back in the Baltic.
It was chartered out again in 1997, this time to Hellenic Mediterranean Lines as Egnatia II running Brindisi-Patras. Then in 2000 it entered another charter, this time to Balear Express of Spain as Ville de Sète. When that operation went bankrupt it was laid up in September 2000. In March of 2000 it was chartered to Swansea-Cork Ferries as City of Cork.  On completion of that work it was idled until March 2002 when it was sold to the Canadian government and became C.T.M.A. Vacançier.

C.T.M.A. Vacançier changes pilots at Trois-Rivières Ouest. (The ship is a notorious smoker.)

It entered into a weekly return trip cruise/ferry/freight service (in season) running from Montreal (Friday) to Chandler, QC (Saturday) to Cap-aux-Meules.(Sunday) returning on Tuesday to Chandler (Wednesday), Quebec City (Thursday) and Montreal (Friday).

Shoredwellers set their clocks on Thursday mornings as the Vacançier works upriver toward Quebec City- rain or shine.The comforting thump of its twin V-16 Stork-Werkspoor engines announces the ship's passing well in advance. Their 18,900 bhp give the ship 21 knots..

In the fall it usually lays over in Montreal for six weeks or so for refit, then takes over the Souris ferry service in February through the worst of the winter. It is a Baltic Ice Class 1, 1A ship, so was built to work in the ice. However it needs icebreaker escort in the thick ice.
It was built with a capacity of 175 cabins (792 berths), 708 deck passengers, 200 cars, and 15 trucks, loading through bow and stern doors.


 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MS_C.T.M.A._Vacancier

C.T.M.A has an extensive web site with schedules and tourist information:

http://www.ctma.ca/en/ 


Recently C.T.M.A. suggested that two new high ice class cruise ferries could be built at the Davie yard in Lévis and would be able to maintain two services year round. One ship would operate the summer cruise service from Montreal, switching to Matane for the winter and the other would operate the Souris service. Certainly the current fleet is in need of replacement, and should be able to operate without intense icebreaker assistance. However there are large dollars involved, and a very strong business case would have to made.

The Davie yard, now on an upswing after many lean years and several bankruptcies, would be a logical place to built the ships. In fact as the only major shipyard in Canada not tied up in the NSPS program of building naval and government vessels, it is the only sensible domestic choice for the work.

British Columbia Ferries has apparently done well with buying new ferries from Germany, but another Quebec company, Transport Desgagnés has had a tale of woe with its new Bella Desgagnés. Delivered only last year (and years late due the failure of its original Croatian builders) it had major teething problems early in its first season, and has now been withdrawn for the winter for undisclosed problems. No warranty exists with its failed builders.

Turkish built tankers have had their share of problems once delivered to Canada.

Oceanex also had problems with its German built Oceanex Connaigra, and although these were likely repaired under warranty, it meant that the ship was out of service for months at a time and had to go to the United States and finally to Ireland for repairs.

Davie is presently contracted to built two pioneering LNG powered ferries for the Société des Traversiers de Québec, and would certainly be a logical choice for new C.T.M.A. ships.


Nova Scotia Coasters - Part 3 Lady Grenfell

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Sir Wilfred Grenfell was an important figure in the early days of the last century, and if he is largely ignored or forgotten today, it is time his legacy was remembered. The Canadian Coast Guard has a ship named for him, and that is an important reminder.

As a medical doctor and Christian missionary, he became aware of the plight of indigenous and seasonal fishers on the Labrador coast. Most were malnourished, had no access to medical care, education or commercial prospects. He took it as his mission to correct this, and he raised funds to build hospitals, medical stations, schools and craft industries. By writing about his experiences in the sub-arctic conditions of Labrador he not only raised enormous amounts of money in Europe, Great Britain, Canada and the United States, but he shamed governments into action and became a folk hero himself.

Much has been written about Grenfell, and it isn't my intention to write an exhaustive biography here!

One sidebar to the Grenfell story however, is that ships were needed to support the work in the remote communities, which could not be reached in any other way. From Grenfell's earliest days he depended on ships and boats to bring supplies sufficient to last over the winter season until the ice broke up the following spring. He also made use of a variety of craft as hospital and mission boats and over the years there were probably a dozen or more boasts, ranging from little more than yachts up through schooners to freighters..

Headquarters for Grenfell's work was St.Anthony, on the tip of the Great Northern Peninsula. Although it is located on the island of Newfoundland, it is still very remote and was a logical jumping off point for "the Labrador" which started across the Strait of Belle Isle.

The immense quantities of cargo and supplies needed cargo ships, and the first ones were schooners, usually built in Nova Scotia. Over time they became motorized, and were in fact wooden hulled general cargo ships. The particular type of ship that developed in Nova Scotia, and was built at several yards in Yarmouth, Shelburne, and Dayspring reached its ultimate at the Smith + Rhuland shipyard in Lunenburg. Primarily known for its fishing schooners vessels, it was also the builder of the biggest wooden general cargo vessels and the last one built in Nova Scotia.

The Grenfell Mission operated two of these motor schooners, George B. Cluett (bought in 1929)[it was Grenfell's third boat with that name] and Nellie A. Cluett built in 1941 by Smith+Rhuland. The latter was the typical pattern of the early coaster, flush decked, with schooner bow, long pointed stern and engines amidships and sheathed with Douglas fir. Its seven month season usually involved loading in Montreal, North Sydney, NS and Montague, PE, for Labrador and it often made a winter trip to the Caribbean with salt fish, returning with salt. It then went into a refit to ready it for the next year.

By 1961 Nellie A. Cluettt was showing its age and surprisingly it was to be replaced with another wooden coaster from Smith+Rhuland. They had not built a similar ship since 1949. The demand for those ships had petered as wages increased, timber became costly and insurers became reluctant to cover wooden ships. Steel became available again, and surplus war-built ships were available at reasonable cost. However it may have been Grenfell's long time skipper Capt. Ken Iversen's influence that lead to the decision.
Capt.Iversen of La Have, NS, had been at sea for fifty years, more than 30 with the Grenfell Mission and certainly knew every inch of the waters that he would need to navigate, and the type of ship needed for the work..

Smith+Rhuland had remained busy building wooden fishing draggers of about 120 ft long and 150 grt, particularly for the locally based George's Bank scallop fishery, and so the skills needed were still present in the yard.


Construction of the new ship started in the early spring of 1962 and it was launched September 15, 1962, sponsored by Mrs. Frank Houghton wife of Rear Admiral Houghton, representative of the Grenfell Mission in Canada. The ship was christened Lady Grenfell after the wife of the late Sir Wilfred Grenfell (1865-1940). An American by birth, née Anna Elizabeth Caldwell MacClanahan (189?-1938), Lady Grenfell had given up her American citizenship when her husband was knighted in 1927. The couple had met in 1908 while crossing the Atlantic on the Mauretania and she had become an active participant in the work of the Mission.


The new ship measured 145' long x 28' breadth and 370 grt, 500 dwt. It received a 640 bhp Fairbanks Morse engine and conducted its first trials trip January 19, 1963. The ship was built with a full forecastle, and plumb bow typical of the later coasters. Its stern was pointed, but less dramatically overhanging than its predecessor.
Lady Grenfell sailed from Halifax May 24, 1963 carrying grain, lumber and other building materials as cargo. The ship seems to have resumed the usual pattern, making three trips in 1964.
Capt Iversen retired in 1966 but the ship remained in service making seven mission trips and seven charter trips in 1966. Under Capt. Cecil Walters, the ship wintered in Bridgewater, NS and loaded out of Halifax.


The Grenfell Mission opted to use other ships for its work in 1968 and the ship was advertised for sale in April 1968. It was then purchased by Stephenville Shipping Ltd (Roland G. Bennet) of North Sydney, NS and was renamed Stephenville. Jerry Petite+Sons of English Harbour West, NL  acquired the ship  in 1970 with PHV Shipping of the same port listed as owners from 1973.

Woodrow Philpott of Cottles Island, NL became the owner in 1977 and renamed the ship Lady Philpott. Shortly thereafter Lewisporte Shipyards were shown as owners in Lloyd's Register,and that was the owner listed by Transport Canada from 1979. The ship continued in operation for a time after that, but Lloyd's deleted it in 1994. By then Lloyd's had ceased to list wooden hulled ships generally. Its Canadian register was finally closed March 1, 2008.

In the meantime Philpott had acquired the delightful little Newfoundland built wooden coaster Ambrose Foote which he renamed Lady Philpott II in 1988, so it may be safe to assume that Lady Philpott (i) had been retired by then.

She was the last big wooden cargo coaster in a long series, numbering perhaps thirty ships in all, built between 1937 and 1952 in Nova Scotia.  

Smaller wooden cargo ships were built in Newfoundland for a time, but that is for another post.

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HMCS Windsor - heading south perhaps

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We hear that HMCS Windsor is heading south for winter exercises and some repairs in the balmy climes of Florida. Today would be the perfect day to go - sunny, cold, with a major snow storm due tomorrow.


This morning Windsor was out in the midst of Bedford Basin, with the remnants of sea smoke lingering around her. I assume she was doing compass calibration in preparation for sea.

 
By mid morning Windsor was outbound for sea, still with a ring around the collar of frozen spray on her hull and tail fin. If she is heading south that will not last for long.

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C.T.M.A. continued.

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Back in November I showed photos of two little wooden coasters operated by Co-opérative de Transport Maritime et Aérien of the Magdalen Islands.  http://shipfax.blogspot.ca/2014/11/from-archives-back-by-popular-demand.html
Maid of Clare was their first vessel, bought in 1945, and Flojald II was bought in 1956. 
They also operated George R. Bradford, built as a 3 masted schooner in 1895 in Essex, MA and rebuilt in 1945 in Dayspring, NS as a motor coaster. C.T.M.A. bought vessel from F.W Leslie in 1945, and sold it in 1951.
Also in 1945 they bought Lavernière and converted it from the RCN Fairmile B class motor launch Q-113, built in 1944 by of J.J.Taylor of Toronto.It became a 126 grt cargo vessel, but was lost July 29, 1949 when it collided with the Quebec North Shore Paper Co's Colabee off White Point, NS, 9 mi south of Canso. In a sinking condition and a hazard to navigation, its master ordered it fired before abandoning it.

Havre Aubert and Havre aux Maisons

In 1946, C.T.M.A.ordered a pair of coasters built by by Chantier Maritime St-Laurent in St-Laurent, Ile d'Orléans. They generally operated in the Gulf and River to Montreal, carrying fish and general cargo, and often came to Halifax in winter. Havre Aubert and Havre aux Maisons were twins, of 197 grt. Measuring 109 ft loa, they were a rather sleek 24.4 ft wide and 9.4 ft. deep. Powered by 320 bhp Fairbanks Morse engines, they had short after decks and pointed sterns. They also carried distinctive steel tripod masts supporting cargo derricks for each hold.I believe the ships were 'tween deckers, at least forward. They had most of the crew accommodation forward above deck and unusual for cargo ships, a monkey's island above the wheelhouse, similar to that of the RCMP St.Roch.
Unlike most wooden vessels built on the St.Lawrence at the time, they were round bottomed and built to go to sea.

Pictured in Halifax in the 1950s, Havre Aubert is showing the effects of winter navigation.

Havre Aubert was reported drifting 20 mi North of Deadman's Island November 19, 1950  and was escorted into Grindstone by RCMP McBrien. In August 1956 it loaded prefab lumber camps in New Glasgow, NS for the Quebec North Shore Pulp and Paper Co at Godbout. It was then sold about 1959 to Navigation Chicoutimi-Montreal Inc.It burned out in Gaspé July 2, 1963 and was declared a constructive total loss. There is a report that it was converted to a restaurant in Chicoutimi.


Havre aux Maisons was sold to J.T.Swyers of Newfoundland in 1951. It suffered a broken prop shaft in May 2, 1953 somewhere off Newfoundland and was towed 68 miles to port. A court dismissed a salvage claim of $15,000 by the vessel Curling since the incident occurred in calm seas, and amounted to no more that a tow to port.
The ship foundered 26 mi WSW of Cape Anguille July 20, 1959.

Brion

The hard driven little wooden ships were then replaced with steel vessels. The first one acquired was Brion, built in 1946 by St.Lawrence Metal+Marine Works of Quebec City as Ottawa Maystar. It was one of a large class of "China coasters" intended for far east service, but completed after the end of hostilities. Measuring 521 grt, 535 dwt, it was 151ft 1 in loa and had an 8 cyl Enterprise engine and was a 'tween decker.

It was turned over to the War Assets Disposal Corp and sold to Maystar Shipping of  Montreal. Renamed May Star it operated under Honduran flag until 1954,  then the Dutch flag as Pia Geerto until 1954, May to 1955, Westerhorn to 1957, and Triad to 1959 (always for the same Dutch owner, who apparently liked to change the nae of his ship.) It was restricted to trading in the Baltic, Mediterranean, European coasting including Great Britain and Ireland, but was only allowed to trade north of 60 degrees North latitude in summer.
C.T.M.A. bought the ship in 1959, renamed it Brion and replaced its two derricks with a midships mounted crane. The ship had some limited refrigerated cargo space.


It ran on the St.Lawrence in summer and wintered in Halifax, but following the loss of the of Maid of Clare began operating from Halifax in 1969 from April to October. It did not trade in winter and avoided ice.
In 1976 it was sold to Donald Thibualt of Baie-Trinté, QC, but on August 4 of that year ran aground at Kegashka and was a total loss.

Madeleine (i)

In 1962 C.T.M.A bought another ship, and renamed it Madeleine (i). It had been built in 1950 by Canadian Vickers Ltd in Montreal as the last of five cargo ships with limited reefer capacity, built for a feeder service on the Orinoco River. The Trujillo measured 539 grt, 682 dwt and was 183ft 6 in loa. It had a 6 cyl Nordberg engine and a speed of 11 knots. The ship arrived in Quebec City and was in Bassin Louise on Labour Day weekend 1962, with a sister vessel Ste-Foy ex Aragua ex Bolivar.
(A third sister, Carabobo returned to Canada as O.K.Service XI, also in 1962.)
The ship was a 'tweendecker, with a midships mast working 1-15 ton and 4-5 ton derricks. It had a 1240 cu.ft. refrigerated cargo space in a deck house forward.

It entered service in 1963 as Madeleine running from Montreal and Quebec City or PEI and Nova Scotia to Cap-aux-Meules (which was known as Grindstone in those days) and laying up in Pictou for the winter.
 
It also did some charter work, recording a Chimo-Clarke northern supply trip in 1970.

Lloyds reported her laid up with surveys overdue in April 1971. A newspaper photo shows her on the cradle at Pictou in February 1972, so it is possible that she operated that year but in March 1973 a scrapper bought the ship and broke it up at Pictou.
A wooden lifeboat from the ship has survived however, and graces the main foyer of the Maritime Museum of the Atlantic in Halifax.

C.T.M.A. / Madeleine (ii)

C.T.M.A.'s next acquisition was from abroad. The short sea trader Koldinghus was built in 1959 by Aarhus Flydedok og Maskinkompagni A/S  in Aarhus, Denmark. The 760 grt, 1015 dwt ship was 253 ft 9 in loa and powered by a 6 cyl 1890 bhp Helsingor for a speed of 13.5 kn. It carried two 3 tonne electric cranes serving its two holds. It was a 'tween decker with some refrigerated cargo space. It also carried deck cargo such as cars and containers and also had passenger accommodation for twelve persons.
Purchased in 1969 from  Det Forenede Dampskibs-Selskab A/S, it went to work at first as C.T.M.A.
It was not until 1974, when the previous ship of the name was sold, that it was renamed Madeleine.Under Canadian flag its grt was altered to 730.


The smart looking ship served the St.Lawrence route exclusively, and although it was a Baltic ship, it did not have a Lloyd's ice class, but may have run in winter. 

It was laid up at Cap-aux-Meules in 1987 and its Canadian register closed February 2, 1988.
Renamed St. Marc it was seen in the Miami River under arrest. From photos it appears that its cranes had been relocated from midships to forward and aft of the hatches.[addendum: Since posting this I have learned that the cranes were in fact mobile, and moved on platforms to serve the hatches.]
Then in 1992 it was renamed Recovery for Cayman Islands Transport Ltd, flagged in Belize. As with so many ships in the Caribbean it seems to have vanished from view and Lloyds eventually gave up on it, deleting it January 6, 2012 with the note "existence in doubt".


After this era C.T.M.A., which had built up a large tricking business, needed RoRo capability to carry general freight and refrigerated goods, and so got out of the general cargo ship business, and concentrated on multi-purpose ships that could carry trucks, cars and passengers.

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Ferries named Halifax (and Dartmouth) - Part 1

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 The Halifax-Dartmouth ferry service must be one of the most reliable means of transportation in the Halifax area. It seems to operate no matter the weather. However for the first time in many moons it was shut down Sunday, February 15, 2015 during an intense rain and ice storm. People were asked to stay home and off the roads, due to the hazardous conditions. The ferries probably could have run, but for the safety of crews and to discourage travel they were out of service for the day.

Having featured ships named Halifax in several posts, the series would not be complete without mention of the several harbour ferries that have carried the name Halifax. Since the ferries were operated for many years by the Dartmouth Ferry Commission (to 1958), the Town of Dartmouth (to 1961) and the City of Dartmouth, the ferries usually operated in pairs, with a running mate named Dartmouth.

The Halifax - Dartmouth ferry service pre-dates the steamboat era, and was initially started with a paddle vessel, powered by horses on a treadmill. It was well into the steam age, and several boats later, before ferries were named for the two towns facing each other across the harbour.

HALIFAX (i) and DARTMOUTH  (i)

The first Halifax (i) ferry, a side paddle wheeler, dated from 1878 when it was built by William H.Baldwin of New Baltimore, NY with the patriotic name of States Rights. It was renamed Annex 2 in 1888 and was operating between Brooklyn, NY and Jersey City, NJ in 1890 when the Dartmouth Ferry Commission bought the ship. It sailed on its own via Yarmouth and arrived in Dartmouth June 26, 1890. On December 9, 1909 an arsonist set fire to the ship and it was so badly damaged that it was sold for scrap to Charles Brister.

Its running mate Dartmouth (i) came from the Burrell - Johnson Iron Co in Yarmouth, NS in 1888. It was a side wheel paddle steamer and operated for 47 years. Renamed Old Veteran in 1934 when a new Dartmouth (ii) was built, it was sold for scrap the same year and broken up in 1935. 

HALIFAX (ii) and DARTMOUTH (ii)
The next Halifax also lasted for a long time, logging 45 years in harbour service. Built in 1911 by Napier + Miller of Old Kilpatrick, Scotland it was a typical double ender, with rudders and props fore and aft, and corresponding wheelhouses. It had passenger cabins on each side of the hull with carriageways each side of the centre line funnel casing. Its delivery trip from started from Clydebank August 8, 1911, but was interrupted by storm damage, when the ferry put in to Lough Swilly three days later. What followed was a harrowing trip, with the boat continually swamped and pumped out only to be swamped again. A temporary bow, or breakwater, built at one end of the deck was smashed and the master was severely injured in a fall. However the boat arrived in Halifax towards the end of August but it took several months to get it in shape to operate.
Halifax (ii) approaches the Halifax ferry terminal in 1950.


After 45 years of service, the boat was sold for scrap in October 1956. However it was only reduced to a hulk and the hull was used as an equipment float by Construction Equipment Ltd (a division of Foundation Maritime.) but was undocumented, since it was no longer used for transportation purposes. 


Its fleet mate Dartmouth (ii) came from DavieShipbuilding+Repair in Lauzon, QC in 1934. It followed the proven double ender design with fore and aft screws and rudders and two wheelhouses.


  It was licensed for 550 passengers and could carry 18-20 vehicles. It lasted until 1957 when it was broken up at pier 9 in Halifax. Some of its components survived however. One of its wheelhouses was used in rebuilding the former Lurcher lightship as the coaster St-Yves.

 The lightship was converted in 1956-57 by Lunenburg Foundry, and in Halifax, and the coaster (and its recycled wheelhouse) worked on the St.Lawrence River until at least 1983 when the boat was finally lost or scrapped (accounts vary).


HALIFAX II  and DARTMOUTH II
With the opening of the  Angus L. Macdonald Bridge in 1956 the Dartmouth Ferry Commission realized that car and truck ferries were no longer needed, and ordered a pair of small pedestrian-only ferries.  They were originally intended to be steel vessels, but the tendered prices exceeded the budget. The ferry commission engaged W.J.Roue to redraw the plans for wood construction and Smith + Rhuland built the two boats in Lunenburg.

 
Halifax II was christened by Mrs. Dalton Randall (Capt. Randall was superintendent of the ferry operation) and launched July 27, 1956. Sister ferry Dartmouth II had been launched July 24, 1956 with Mrs. I.W. Akerley as sponsor (Mr. Akerley was the newly elected mayor of Dartmouth and chairman of the Ferry Commission).
The 171 grt boats were about 75 ft loa x 34.9 ft beam and were also double enders, with screws and rudders fore and aft, and two independently operated 260 bhp Cummins diesel engines. However the boats were operated from a single midships mounted wheelhouse. There were two cabins, port and starboard, originally designated for ladies and gentlemen, as were the previous generations of ferries, but they were soon integrated.

Orange chevrons were added in 1969 in an attempt to dress up the ferries' dowdy image, and were described as "mod". By the 1970s many passengers refused to use the cabins, which were described in the lingo of the day as "grotty", and remained out on deck in all weathers.

As the only boats in the fleet, they ran in tandem, without backups, between Halifax and Dartmouth until 1979. There were many incidents, and a few accidents over the years.

On December 23, 1963 Halifax II collided with the cable ship Lord Kelvin and then with sister Dartmouth II and sustained damage above the water line.

On July 26, 1979 Dartmouth II collided with he tug Point Viking acquiring a gaping hole 15 ft  x 7 ft above the waterline. Repairs were made with plywood, blanking out two windows on one side, to get the boat through to September when it was retired.

The most spectacular accident occurred January 29, 1977 when Dartmouth II parted her lines in a gale, went adrift and ran aground on the Dartmouth shore. It was towed off at high tide without damage by the tug Point Valiant.


The boats' egg shaped hulls were quite durable and heavily fendered.

The boats were exceptionally sturdy and survived numerous bumps and scrapes when docking in Halifax and Dartmouth.

The pair served until September 9, 1979 when a new pair of ferries went into service. Although they only served for 23 years, they are well remembered as reliable - if funky.

The boats looked pretty drab by the time they were laid up, complete with plywood patches, and no attempt to repaint the chevrons.

Post ferry work, Dartmouth II ended up in LaHave, NS where it was advertised for sheriff's sale in April 1983, then again for sale in the Autotrader in June of the same year and still with its engines. By 1986 it was back in Halifax where it was converted to the non-propelled floating restaurant Lobsters Ahoy.

Dartmouth II at pier 25 undergoing conversion to a restaurant.

It berthed at the old ferry slip, where it sank October 18, 1992 when a bilge pump burned out.




The boat was raised and was next sighted in Liverpool. NS in 1996, where it was being dismantled.


Although Dartmouth II was raised, it was never repaired. Considerably worse for the wear, it was being dismantled in Liverpool in 1996.

It is likely that the hull was used for fish farming for a time, but I lost track of it after that. Its registration was finally closed April 2, 2000.

Halifax II seems to have traveled extensively after its ferry days.It was purchased by H.B.Nickerson + Sons Ltd of North Sydney, NS and reduced to a barge and renamed Labrador II . Its wheelhouse became the gatehouse at Sydney Engineering and Drydock Co (which Nickersons owned) , and its hull was spotted in Canso in 1992 and in Jeddore in 1993, apparently working its way back to Halifax! It looked like it was being used as a work float for dismantling some old trawlers, and probably did not survive long after that work was done.

Its registration was closed April 22, 2004.

Required Reading: For those interested in the history of the Dartmouth ferry service, the definitive story is contained in a book entitled Like a Weaver's Shuttleby Joan and Lewis Payzant. It was written in 1979 but can still be found on line and in used book shops.

To be continued for HALIFAX III and DARTMOUTH III

Ferries Named Halifax and Dartmouth - Part 2

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Continuing the story of ferries named Halifax and Dartmouth a fourth set of ferries bearing the names entered service in 1979. Although they looked vaguely similar to their predecessors, they were radically different in many ways.
Both boats were built by Ferguson Industries in Pictou , NS. Dartmouth III arrived from the builders May 3, 1979 and Halifax III in July. They spend several months on trials and in crew training due their unique characteristics.
On Day 1 of the service, Dartmouth III heads for Dartmouth. The passenger loading side has ramps that fold up flush with the hull.(Shipfax made a one way trip on each boat on Day 1)

 Halifax III approaches Halifax. The off-side of the boats has more windows, and engine exhaust vents just above deck level.

The hull was still short and wide with rounded ends, and the wheelhouse was perched amidships (but offset to one side), but the similarity ended there. The most obvious new feature was that they were side loading. Passengers embarked and disembarked on new floating landing stages, and remained under cover and out of the weather all the way through the new ferry terminals, that were built as part of the ferry replacement program.
Gone also were the ladies and gents cabins, although that segregation had ended many years before. Passengers were accommodated in one full width cabin, with molded plastic seats, instead of slatted pew like benches and for the diehard outdoors types, there was an open deck with similar plastic seats.

Halifax III passenger boarding side.

The most novel aspect of the new boats however was not visible. These were the Voith-Schneider propulsion drives, located bow and stern. Consisting of variable pitch vertical blades, rotating on a turntable, they allowed the boats to move sideways with ease. Direction and speed were controlled by blade pitch, permitting constant engine speed and better fuel efficiency. The boats could travel equally wqell ahead or astern.. This propulsion system had been in use on tugs for many years (including navy tugs in Halifax, built at about the same time) and on two Northumberland Strait summer ferries. It was a relatively costly system and was unusual in smaller vessels such as these.
 
A joint christening ceremony was held September 9, 1979 with Lorraine Morris, the wife of Halifax Mayor Edmund Morris sponsoring Halifax III and Genevieve Brownlow the wife of Halifax mayor Daniel Brownlow performing the honors for Dartmouth III.
The boats entered service on September 10, 1979 and have been running ever since.

The original colour scheme featured alternating dark and light blue chevrons and a light blue stripe on the wheelhouse.
Management of the boats has changed over the years, and with it their various paint schemes.Original owners were the City of Dartmouth. In 1981 Halifax and Dartmouth merged their bus systems, forming Metro Transit, and in 1994 it was entrusted with the operation of the ferries. Fare structures are integrated, and bus stops are located at the ferry termini.

 In Metro Transit colours, the light blue became green, and chevrons were removed, a stylized "M" appeared with a green blue band.

The words Metro Transit also appeared bow and stern. in line with the stripe.

Halifax, Dartmouth, Bedford and Halifax County merged in 1996 forming the Halifax Regional Municipality (HRM), and Metro Transit rejuvenated its graphics.

 
Yellow replaced lime green in a new Metro Transit graphic scheme.

 Another graphic change features a dramatic swoop of blue of yellow. Note also that the mast has been extended and another radar scanner mounted on the top.


The boarding side is less dramatic, but the chevrons have returned beside the words Metro Transit.

In July 2014, Metro transit was renamed Halifax Transit, as part of a rebranding of the HRM to simply Halifax which had started in April. Since then they have changed their graphic design once more, with the cross bar free HALIFAX. This was too late for the newest ferry, so another repainting is expected in 2015.
(Urban Legend has it that a graphic designer who had been staring at his Samsung monitor too long, decided to drop the cross bars on the letter A in Halifax and declared "what a good boy am I")

Halifax III and Dartmouth III were joined in 1986 by Woodside I a virtually exact sister, when a new route was inaugurated between Woodside and Halifax. Any of the tree boats might be found on any run, to allow for maintenance work or training..

In 2014 A.F.Thériault + Son of Meteghan River, NS, delivered Christopher Stannix, an upgrade of the same basic design. A fourth boat, to be named Craig Blake will be delivered by the same yard in 2015 and is slated to replace one of the original pair, and a third new boat will join in 2016.
However due to a two year long redecking of the Angus L.Macdonald bridge, ferry traffic is expected to increase, at least for a time, and so it is likely that the displaced boat (s) will be kept on for backup and standby.

Perhaps there will be a return to excursions, which used to happen from time to time, as family day for the ship's crews, or for open house days on George's Island..

Halifax IIIreturns from a rare trip to Bedford Basin, passing beneath the A. Murray MacKay bridge. The excursion was part of family day for the ferry crews. A ferry service to Bedford has been an on and off topic for years, but has been quiet lately.

Another interesting aspect of the boats is that they identifiable bows and sterns. The bow is identified by the centre line anchor mounting.

Dartmouth II approaches Halifax, working bow forward.

Thus passengers board via the starboard side, and the wheelhouse is offset to starboard. The stern is flush without an anchor, and carries the port of registration

Woodside I leaves Dartmouth, working stern first toward Halifax. All lights are duplicated. so the boat can work in either direction at night. The offset wheelhouse shows up in this photo.


Dartmouth III approaches Halifax stern first. The boat's port of registration is shown as "Halifax, NS."
The eyebrow over the loading gates has since been removed, because in certain conditions the wheelhouse could strike the structure. The wheelhouse offset allows the operator to see the landing area.



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